Ventilator associated pneumonia: pathobiological heterogeneity and diagnostic challenges Nature Communications Hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) and ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) are prevalent healthcare associated infections worldwide, with varying rates across countries. The emergence of Pfizer Medical Ventilator associated pneumonia: mechanisms, an appraisal of current therapies and the role for inhaled antibiotics in prevention and treatment Respiratory Medicine Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) Made Easy! The Challenge. The Evidence. The Solution. Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) remains a serious clinical issue in UK ICUs with NHS England data estimating 3,0006,000 deaths per year and treatment costs of 10,00020,000